Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article by Guerin et al. [1] from Sarah Robertson's group in this issue of Biology of Reproduction reports a major advance in our understanding of the mechanism(s) by which male semen may protect the implanting semiallogeneic embryo against rejection by maternal innate and adaptive immune defenses. BALB/c (H-2d) males were used with C56BL6 (H-2b) females. Following mating, the lymph nodes draining the uterus (draining lymph nodes, DLN, or para-aortic lymph nodes, PALN) enlarge; this enlargement is greater when the male is allogeneic, that is, histoincompatible with the female, and generation of antipaternal cytotoxic T cells is suppressed [2]. The sequence of events is depicted in Figure 1. Seminal plasma (SP) and spermatozoa (S) ejaculated into the uterine lumen at the time of mating on Gestation Day 0 (GD 0) act on the uterine epithelium, subendothelial macrophages (Mphs), and dendritic cells (DCs). This leads to the trafficking of cells (and perhaps of the predominant chemokine CCL19) via afferent lymphatics to para-aortic lymph nodes draining the uterus (DLN or PALN). There, CCL19 recruits circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs), identified by the presence of FOXP3, acting via the CCR7 receptor (and possibly CCR5). DCs may present antigens from SP (blue dots) or S (red dots). Activated Treg cells exit the lymph nodes and home to the uterine lining by GD 3.5, again mediated for the most part by CCL19 binding to CCR7. Interestingly, measuring mRNA for Foxp3 showed an increase that was reduced by about half if SVX males lacking SP or VAS males lacking S were used, suggesting that S could activate Foxp3+ mRNA in uterine cells without significantly increasing CCL19-dependent Treg cell recruitment, although both S plus SP were required for maximal activation. On GD 4.5, the semiallogeneic blastocyst, potentially susceptible to rejection directed against minor paternal histocompatibility antigens [2], implants itself. Guerin et al. [1] argue that the regional generation and local recruitment of Treg cells to the uterus in advance of implantation acts to protect the implanting embryo against maternal immune rejection. In support of this contention, they noted an increase in CD4+CD25+ cells in the DLN that did not express FOXP3, which could represent activated effector T cells.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".