THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM AND STAR FORMATION IN EDGE-ON GALAXIES. II. NGC 4157, 4565, AND 5907
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a study of the vertical structure of the gaseous and stellar disks in a sample of edge-on galaxies (NGC \n4157, 4565, and 5907) using BIMA/CARMA ^(12)CO J = 1 → 0, VLA HI, and Spitzer 3.6 μm data. In order to take \ninto account projection effects when we measure the disk thickness as a function of radius, we first obtain the \ninclination by modeling the radio data. Using the measurement of the disk thicknesses and the derived radial \nprofiles of gas and stars, we estimate the corresponding volume densities and vertical velocity dispersions. Both \nstellar and gas disks have smoothly varying scale heights and velocity dispersions, contrary to assumptions of \nprevious studies. Using the velocity dispersions, we find that the gravitational instability parameter Q follows a \nfairly uniform profile with radius and is ⩾1 across the star-forming disk. The star formation law has a slope that is significantly different from those found in more face-on galaxy studies, both in deprojected and pixel-by-pixel \nplots. Midplane gas pressure based on the varying scale heights and velocity dispersions appears to roughly hold a \npower-law correlation with the midplane volume density ratio.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".