Differential Effects of Inhaled and Intravenous Sildenafil in the Prevention of the Pulmonary Endothelial Dysfunction Due to Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of inhaled and intravenous sildenafil on the pulmonary endothelium-dependent relaxations, the hemodynamic profile and oxygenation after cardiopulmonary bypass. Five groups of Landrace swine were compared: 1) control; 2) cardiopulmonary bypass: 90 min of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass; 3) precardiopulmonary bypass sildenafil nebulization; 4) postcardiopulmonary bypass sildenafil nebulization; 5) intravenous sildenafil administration prior to cardiopulmonary bypass. All groups underwent a 60-min period of pulmonary reperfusion after cardiopulmonary bypass. Vascular reactivity of second-degree pulmonary arteries was evaluated in response to acetylcholine and bradykinin. Cardiopulmonary bypass caused a significant decrease in endothelium-dependent relaxations to both agonists; this dysfunction was prevented by administration of sildenafil, both intravenous and inhaled (P < 0.05). Both administration routes prevented the significant increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure with a safe hemodynamic profile. Moreover, intravenous and inhaled sildenafil after cardiopulmonary bypass also prevented the increase in alveoloarterial gradient (P < 0.05). Both sildenafil formulations of administration prevent the occurrence of pulmonary endothelial dysfunction. Depending on the administration moment and the route, the administration of sildenafil improves the hemodynamic profile and post-cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".