Temperature and plant hardiness zone influence distribution of balsam woolly adelgid damage in Atlantic Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Management of balsam woolly adelgid (Adelges piceae Ratz.) and of trees damaged by this pest may pose one of the biggest challenges to forest management in Atlantic Canada during the next decade. Feeding by the balsam woolly adelgid is restricted to Abies species in which it causes gouting, branch and upper crown death. Approximately 100 years after its introduction into eastern Canada, symptoms of feeding by the balsam woolly adelgid on balsam fir are found throughout all of Nova Scotia, most of Newfoundland and in southern and eastern New Brunswick. The distribution of symptomatic balsam fir trees coincides with areas where mean January temperatures are below -11°C and where plant hardiness zones are higher than 4a. The presence of balsam fir trees with obvious symptoms of BWA damage throughout much of Atlantic Canada emphasizes the ubiquitous presence of this pest in these provinces and highlights the need to develop hazard rating systems to establish pest management programs to diminish its impact. Key words: global warming, Adelges piceae Ratz., forest insect pest management, abiotic factors
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".