Complex Central Cortex in Pediatric Patients With Malformations of Cortical Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We investigated whether malformations of cortical development yield a complex central cortex by studying nine children with malformations of cortical development and seven without malformations who underwent epilepsy surgery following extraoperative subdural somatosensory evoked potential and electrical stimulation to identify the sensorimotor cortex. We analyzed superficial structures of the central cortex, latency, amplitude, and location of N20 and P25. Sensorimotor responses in malformations of cortical development extended across the central sulcus in 1 to 4 of 3 to 12 electrodes (mean 32%) compared with 1 to 6 of 4 to 15 electrodes (mean 12%) in cases without malformations with a statistical significance (P < .05). N20 amplitudes were lower in epileptic than nonepileptic cortices (three with and three without malformations of cortical development) (P < .05). The central vein coursed partially along the central sulcus in eight cases of malformations of cortical development and five cases without malformations. We conclude that the sensorimotor cortex in malformations of cortical development is more complex than in cases without malformations, reduced N20 amplitude is indicative of epileptic sensorimotor cortex, and superficial veins do not indicate the sensory and motor cortical boundary.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".