Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in barley silage: effect of a bacterial inoculant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIMS: The effect of a lactic acid producing bacterial (LAB) inoculant on the elimination of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from barley forage was assessed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Triplicate mini-silos were prepared for four treatments and six sampling times (1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 42 d post-ensiling). The treatments were (i) 10(5) cfu g(-1) Pediococcus pentosaceus and Propionibacterium jenzenii (P2); (ii) 10(5) cfu g(-1) E. coli O157:H7 strain 3081 and 10(5) cfu g(-1) E. coli Biotype 1 strains 719IE10, 719IE14 and 614ME49 (EC); (iii) P2 + EC; and (iv) the control (sterile distilled water). Triplicate mini-silos were opened at each sampling time for pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and lactate determinations and E. coli, E. coli O157:H7 and LAB were enumerated. On d 3 and 7, numbers of E. coli O157:H7 in P2 + EC were significantly lower than in EC (P < 0;05). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not detected in P2 + EC and EC at 7 and 15 d post-ensiling, respectively. On d 15 through 42, E. coli Biotype 1 was not detected in P2 + EC or EC. Populations of LAB were higher in P2 and P2 + EC than in the control and EC on d 3 and 7 (P < 0.05). After 3 d of ensiling, lactate levels were higher (P < 0.05) and pH was lower (P < 0.05) in P2 and P2 + EC as compared to the control and EC. Bacteriocins of P2 were not found to be inhibitory to E. coli O157:H7 using the agar-spot procedure. Escherichia coli O157:H7 inoculated into the control silage at a level of 10(3) cfu g(-1) and exposed to aerobic conditions at 22 degrees C was not detected after 1 d and remained undetectable for the 28 d exposure period. CONCLUSIONS: Silage inoculant P2 increased lactate levels and decreased pH more rapidly during ensiling, which appeared to hasten the elimination of E. coli O157:H7 from the silage. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Results emphasize the importance of adequate ensiling since E. coli O157:H7 may be maintained and spread among cattle through feed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".