Differentiation of the sudden death syndrome pathogen of soybean, <i>Fusarium solani</i> f.sp. <i>glycines</i>, from other isolates of <i>F. solani</i> based on cultural morphology, pathogenicity, and mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphisms
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Forty-four isolates consisting of Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f.sp. glycines Roy, Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli (Burkholder) W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hans., and F. solani, collected from a variety of hosts and locations, were compared based on pathogenicity on soybean and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). The 24 isolates of F. solani f.sp. glycines caused more severe sudden death syndrome (SDS) foliar symptoms and root rot on soybean compared with all other isolates. All isolates of F. solani f.sp. glycines belonged to a single mtDNA RFLP haplotype. The other isolates of F. solani belonged to nine mtDNA RFLP haplotypes distinct from that of the SDS pathogen and did not cause significant levels of SDS. Three isolates of F. solani f.sp. phaseoli in a single mtDNA RFLP haplotype were very similar to isolates of F. solani f.sp. glycines in culture. One of these isolates consistently produced SDS-like symptoms in pathogenicity tests, although at a low frequency. Fusarium solani f.sp. glycines represent a genetically distinct subgroup within F. solani but may be related to F. solani f.sp. phaseoli.Key words: Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli, Glycine max, sudden death syndrome (SDS), mtDNA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".