Seasonal variation in throughfall and stemflow chemistry beneath a European beech (<i>Fagus sylvatica</i>) tree in relation to canopy phenology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of canopy phenology on major ion fluxes beneath a mature European beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) tree is examined. Annual and seasonal ion fluxes to the forest floor were significantly higher than the incoming wet-only deposition for all ions measured other than H + . The annual throughfall to wet deposition ratio generally ranged from 2.1 to 4.8. Stemflow contributed 9%–19% of the ion input to the forest floor, except for H + . Throughfall enrichment of K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and NO 3 – was significantly higher in the leafed than in the leafless season, in contrast to Na + , NH 4 + , and H + . The temporal pattern of ion enrichment indicated canopy release of K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ throughout the leafed season, of Na + , Cl – , and NH 4 + from emerging leaves, and of Cl – and SO 4 2– from senescing leaves. The contribution of canopy leaching to annual net throughfall and stemflow was estimated at 96% (K + ), 54% (Ca 2+ ), 40% (Mg 2+ ), 12% (Cl – ), and 7% (Na + , SO 4 2– ). Dry deposition accounted for 58%–75% of the total deposition onto the canopy. The throughfall enrichment during the leafless season indicated high particulate and gaseous dry deposition onto the woody canopy as well as K + release from European beech branches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".