838 INCREASING RATES OF METASTATIC SEMINOMA AND NONSEMINOMA TESTICULAR CANCER: A CAUSE FOR CONCERN?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
You have accessJournal of UrologyPenis/Testis/Urethra: Benign & Malignant Disease III1 Apr 2010838 INCREASING RATES OF METASTATIC SEMINOMA AND NONSEMINOMA TESTICULAR CANCER: A CAUSE FOR CONCERN? Lars Budäus, Sascha Ahyai, Hendrik Isbarn, Giovanni Lughezzani, Maxine Sun, Friedemann Honecker, Felix Chun, Paul Perrotte, Shahrokh F. Shariat, Philippe Arjane, Francesco Montorsi, Michael Hartmann, Margit Fisch, Markus Graefen, and Pierre I. Karakiewicz Lars BudäusLars Budäus Hamburg, Germany , Sascha AhyaiSascha Ahyai Hamburg, Germany , Hendrik IsbarnHendrik Isbarn Hamburg, Germany , Giovanni LughezzaniGiovanni Lughezzani Milano, Italy , Maxine SunMaxine Sun Montreal, Canada , Friedemann HoneckerFriedemann Honecker Hamburg, Germany , Felix ChunFelix Chun Hamburg, Germany , Paul PerrottePaul Perrotte Montreal, Canada , Shahrokh F. ShariatShahrokh F. Shariat Montreal, Canada , Philippe ArjanePhilippe Arjane Montreal, Canada , Francesco MontorsiFrancesco Montorsi Milano, Italy , Michael HartmannMichael Hartmann Hamburg, Germany , Margit FischMargit Fisch Hamburg, Germany , Markus GraefenMarkus Graefen Hamburg, Germany , and Pierre I. KarakiewiczPierre I. Karakiewicz Montreal, Canada View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.2340AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Elevated rate of metastatic stage at presentation may be indicative of delays in diagnosis and is usually considered as an adverse predictor of cancer control outcome. We examined the annual rates of diagnosis of metastatic germ cell tumors as well as the associated 5-year survival rates, in a large population-based cohort over a period of 20 years. METHODS Between 1988 and 2006, 17080 and 12984 patients were identified with respectively seminoma and nonseminoma of the testis within the 17 SEER registries. Rates and proportions as well as 5 year overall survivals were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS Metastatic seminoma and nonseminoma was found in 2373 patients (7.8%). Of those, 500 (21%) and 1595 (79%) were metastatic at diagnosis. The rate of metastatic seminoma increased from 1.2 to 4.8% (Chi-square trend: p< 0.001) over the study span vs. 12.7 to 18.4% for nonseminoma (Chi-Square trend: p<0.001). The median 5-year survival rate was 98% for both seminoma and nonseminoma. No differences were recorded in temporal 5-years survival rates (p=0.08). CONCLUSIONS The rates of metastatic seminoma and nonseminoma at diagnosis increased over the study period. Therefore better detection strategies might require consideration. Nonetheless despite higher rates of metastatic disease at diagnosis the survival has not changed, which indicates excellent cancer control outcome. © 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 183Issue 4SApril 2010Page: e327-e328 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2010 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Lars Budäus Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Sascha Ahyai Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Hendrik Isbarn Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Giovanni Lughezzani Milano, Italy More articles by this author Maxine Sun Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Friedemann Honecker Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Felix Chun Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Paul Perrotte Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Shahrokh F. Shariat Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Philippe Arjane Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Francesco Montorsi Milano, Italy More articles by this author Michael Hartmann Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Margit Fisch Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Markus Graefen Hamburg, Germany More articles by this author Pierre I. Karakiewicz Montreal, Canada More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.061 | 0.014 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".