Growth, Electric and Thermal Properties of Lead Scandium Niobate-Lead Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate Ternary Single Crystals
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Single crystals of the xPb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3–yPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–zPbTiO3 (PSMNT 100x/100y/100z) ternary system have successfully been grown by a flux method using 71.4 mol% PbO–28.6 mol% B2O3 flux. The crystals were grown in a platinum crucible by mass crystallization achieved by the slow cooling of a 50PbO:20B2O3:30PSMNT 29/34/37 (mol%) molten solution from 1,200°C to 880°C at 1.2°C/h. The resulting two types of crystals, 2–3 mm in length with perovskite structure and 5–7 mm in length with pyrochlore structure, coexist. Inductive charge plasma (ICP) chemical analysis revealed that the composition of the pulverized powder of perovskite crystal is PSMNT 43/17/40, which is slightly different from the charged composition of PSMNT 29/34/37. One of the single crystals near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) showed a dielectric constant peak of 200°C. The grown PSMNT crystals show good thermal stability of the perovskite phase with partical decomposition starting at 1128°C and peritectic melting at 1308°C.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".