Involvement of SMAD4, but not of SMAD2, in transforming growth factor-beta1-induced trophoblast expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play crucial roles in extravillous trophoblast invasion. In the present study, we examined the possible role of Smad4 and Smad2 in transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-induced MMP-2 expression, using the well-established invasive extravillous trophoblast cell line HTR-8/SVneo. Recombinant sense Smad4 or Smad2 retroviral vectors were constructed by inserting full-length Smad4 or Smad2 cDNA into pLXSN retroviral vector. Stable PT67 packaging cell clones were isolated and viral supernatants were used to infect HTR-8/SVneo cells. Effects of retroviral expression of Smad4 and Smad2 on TGF-beta1-regulated MMP-2 expression were assessed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and gelatin zymography. The results showed that over-expression of Smad4 augmented MMP-2 mRNA abundance and the secretion of pro-MMP-2, and mimicked the inductive effect of TGF-beta1 on the production of MMP-2. However, retrovirus-mediated sense Smad2 gene transfer had no effect. These findings suggest that Smad4, but not Smad2, mediates TGF-beta1-induced MMP-2 expression in invasive extravillous trophoblasts.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it