Analgesic effects of low-dose ropivacaine for interscalene brachial plexus block for outpatient shoulder surgery—A dose-finding study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Interscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) with low-dose bupivacaine provides effective postoperative shoulder analgesia in outpatients. The analgesic effect of low-dose ropivacaine for ISB is unknown. METHODS: In this double-blind study, 66 outpatients scheduled to undergo arthroscopic shoulder surgery were randomly assigned to receive an ISB with 10 mL of 0.125%, 0.25%, or 0.5% ropivacaine before surgery. Postoperative verbal pain rating score, analgesic consumption, and the extent of motor and sensory block was assessed for 120 minutes after surgery. RESULTS: The degree of shoulder analgesia was dose dependent. Postoperative pain scores were lowest with 0.5% ropivacaine, and analgesic was not required in the hospital in 70% of the patients who received 0.25% and 0.5% ropivacaine, compared to 30% with 0.125% ropivacaine (P < .03). In the patients who required no analgesic in the hospital, the time to first oral analgesic at home was approximately 10 hours irrespective of ropivacaine concentration. Motor and sensory block distal to the elbow was detected in 25% of the patients in the 0.5% group but none in the 0.125% group. CONCLUSIONS: Interscalene brachial plexus block with low-dose ropivacaine, 10 mL of 0.25% and 0.5%, provides effective long-lasting shoulder analgesia in a majority of patients after arthroscopic surgery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".