Determination of Water-in-Oil Emulsion Viscosity in Porous Media
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Experiments have been conducted to determine the viscosities of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions in porous media. W/O emulsions were first prepared for different volume fractions of the dispersed phase and then characterized for their properties and rheological parameters including flow index and consistency constant. All prepared W/O emulsions with volume fractions between 6.78% and 33.48% were found to behave as non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluids at fairly high viscosities. The viscosities of the emulsions were measured during emulsion flow in three types of sandpacks. A correlation of the viscosities of the W/O emulsions in porous media was developed by performing a regression on the experimentally measured data. The newly developed correlation was validated, and a sensitivity analysis was performed to examine the effects of tortuosity and emulsion quality. The emulsion quality has a dominant effect on the viscosity of the W/O emulsions and has been included in the correlation for the first time to achieve accurate predictions of the viscosities of W/O emulsions in porous media. The existing correlations for oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions provide underestimated predictions for the viscosities of W/O emulsions, whereas the droplet size distribution does not have a significant impact on the viscosity of the W/O emulsions tested in this study.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it