Survival of <i>Gibberella zeae</i> in <i>Fusarium</i>-Damaged Wheat Kernels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The survival of Gibberella zeae in Fusarium-damaged kernels was investigated under field conditions at Glenlea, Morden, Portage la Prairie, and Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Fusarium-damaged kernels were either left on the soil surface or buried at 5 or 10 cm and monitored for 24 months. G. zeae was isolated after 24 months from Fusarium-damaged kernels under all conditions, with isolation frequency ranging from 85 to 99% of kernels. Perithecia developed on Fusarium-damaged kernels from all locations and treatments, but ascospores developed only in perithecia on kernels located at the soil surface. A similar experiment was conducted under controlled conditions to test survival of the fungus in kernels left at the surface or buried at 5 cm in heat-treated and nontreated soil at -10, 2, and 20°C. The fungus survived in 76 to 100% of kernels. When kernels were incubated at 20°C, G. zeae was recovered from 83 and 76% of kernels in heat-treated and nontreated soil, respectively. Perithecia developed on kernels incubated at 20 and 2°C, but ascospores developed only in perithecia on Fusarium-damaged kernels at 20°C on the soil surface. As survival of G. zeae in Fusarium-damaged kernels did not decrease after 24 months, rotations of at least 2 years are necessary to avoid infection of new crops by G. zeae originating from Fusarium-damaged kernels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".