Ann Goldberg . Honor, Politics, and the Law in Imperial Germany, 1871–1914 . (New Studies in European History.) New York: Cambridge University Press. 2010. Pp. xi, 215. $95.00.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this fascinating study Ann Goldberg argues that imperial Germany experienced the development of “a hybrid legal culture that merged key liberal legal principles—the Rechtsstaat, legal equality, civil rights—with a jurisprudence that assumed and protected the social hierarchies and status differences embedded in the concept of honor” (p. 19). She bases her argument on an examination of defamation suits. From the late 1870s, Germans from all walks of life were entitled to sue to protect their honor, and Goldberg shows that many made use of this right. Germans sued to defend themselves against the insults or perceived insults of neighbors, co‐workers, employers, and officials. At the same time, individuals in positions of authority used the same legal weapon to enforce deference. Otto von Bismarck, for example, brought nearly 10,000 such suits. The law that established the right to sue for defamation (Beleidigung) without regard to the status...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".