Enhancing the antimicrobial effects of bovine lactoferrin against Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cation chelation, NaCl and temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the effect of NaCl, growth medium and temperature on the antimicrobial activity of bovine lactoferrin (LF) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 in the presence of different chelating agents. METHODS AND RESULTS: LF (32 mg ml(-1)) was tested against E. coli O157:H7 strain 3081 in Luria broth (LB) and All Purpose Tween (APT) broth with metal ion chelators sodium bicarbonate (SB), sodium lactate (SL), sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) or quercetin at 0.5 and 2.5% NaCl at 10 and 37 degrees C. LF and the chelators were tested against four other E. coli O157:H7 strains in LB at 2.5% NaCl and 10 degrees C. LF alone was bacteriostatic against strains 3081 and LCDC 7283 but other strains grew. Antimicrobial effectiveness of LF was reduced in APT broth but enhanced by SB at 2.5% NaCl and 10 degrees C where 4.0 log(10) CFU ml(-1) inoculated cells were killed. EDTA enhanced antimicrobial action of the LF-SB combination. SL alone was effective against E. coli O157:H7 but a reduction in its activity at 2.5% NaCl and 10 degrees C was reversed by LF. The combinations LF-SHMP and LF-quercetin were more effective at 37 degrees C and NaCl effects varied. CONCLUSIONS: LF plus SB or SL were bactericidal toward the same 3/5 E. coli O157:H7 strains and inhibited growth of the others at 2.5% NaCl and 10 degrees C. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The combination of LF with either SL or SB shows potential for reducing viability of E. coli O157:H7 in food systems containing NaCl at reduced, but growth permissive temperature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".