Multidrug Efflux in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Components, Mechanisms and Clinical Significance
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen characterized by an intrinsic resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents and the ability to develop high-level (acquired) multidrug resistance during antibiotic therapy. Much of this resistance is promoted by highly homologous three-component efflux systems of broad substrate specificity, of which four have been identified to date. These include MexA-Mexs-OprM and MexX-MexY-OprM, which are expressed constitutively in wild type cells and, thus, provide for intrinsic multidrug resistance, and MexC-MexD-OprJ and MexE-MexF-OprN, whose expression so far has only been seen in acquired multidrug resistant mutant strains. Additional homologues of these efflux systems are identifiable in the recently released genome sequence, though their roles, if any, in antimicrobial efflux are unknown. These tripartite pumps are composed of an integral cytoplasmic membrane drug-proton antiporter of the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) family of exporters, a channel-forming outer membrane efflux protein (or outer membrane factor [OMF]) and a periplasmic membrane fusion protein (MFP) that links the other two. In addition to a number of antimicrobials of clinical significance, these pumps also export dyes, detergents, disinfectants, organic solvents and acylated homoserine lactones involved in quorum-sensing. While the natural functional of these pumps remains undefined, the fact that they contribute to antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa makes them reasonable targets for therapeutic intervention.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it