Field Application of a New In-Depth Waterflood Conformance Improvement Tool
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract An Industry Consortium (BP, ChevronTexaco and Ondeo Nalco Energy Services) conducted a multi-company research project known as Bright Water. The goal of this project was to develop a time-delayed, highly expandable material that would improve the sweep efficiency of a water flood. In November 2001, the first of these water flood profile modification treatments was pumped in the Minas field. The Minas Field, located on the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, has an OOIP of 8.7 billion barrels, is at nearly 50% recovery, and has water-cuts greater than 97%. Reservoir thief zones have been identified throughout the main reservoir layers. The main objective for pumping a profile modification material is usually to divert injected water out of thief zones and into zones with higher oil saturation, though areal sweep improvement can also be expected. The profile modification treatment of 42,000 barrels water containing 4500 ppm of active material was pumped into Minas injector 7E-12 ("A1" sand). The objective of the field trial was to verify that significant volumes of this low cost material could be pumped deep into the reservoir at low viscosity, and then expand after a pre-designed time interval. Injection tracer studies were conducted pre- and post-treatment to aid in determining changes to the injection sweep efficiency. A bottom hole pressure fall off test was also used to measure post – job permeability. The trial demonstrated that large volumes of the material can be pumped into the formation without raising the injection pressure or blocking the injection well bore, can propagate in the rock pore system, and then will expand at a pre-designed time. Changes in oil production after the trial will be discussed along with the field data acquired during and after the trial. As part of the continued development of this material, a second trial commenced in late November 2002 on a North Sea (UK) production platform. The treatment was successfully placed in mid December, 2002.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it