Effects of Shear Rate Variation on the Nanostructure of Crystallizing Triglycerides
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Shear flow affects the kinetics of crystallization and modifies the composition of the solid and liquid phases obtained during crystallization. Research on the effects of shear flow on the crystallization is necessary to understand how triglycerides form crystalline structures. In this Article, palm oil, milk fat, and milk fat triglycerides were cooled at 3 or 0.5 °C/min from the melt at 50 °C down to 17.5 or 17 °C and left to crystallize under a shear rate of 90 s –1 in a Couette cell system. The shear rate was then increased to 1440 s –1 . Synchrotron X-ray diffraction patterns were captured during the crystallization process. The integrated intensity, average thickness, and average lamellar spacing of the crystalline nanoplatelets were modified by the shear rate step. Increased thickness and crystalline orientation were evident after the shear rate step-up. Similar experiments with milk fat in a Rheo-NMR instrument provided additional information to interpret the orientation and thickness changes observed. These effects of shear step-up on crystallizing fats offer new options for the industrial processing of chocolate, dairy, margarine, and shortening production, allowing more freedom for tailoring their desired crystalline nanostructures.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it