ADHD and Conduct Disorder: An MRI Study in a Community Sample
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
MRI studies of children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have consistently attributed core deficits of inattention and impulsivity to frontal-striatal-cerebellar abnormalities; however, no study has investigated the neuroanatomical characteristics of children with ADHD and Conduct Disorder (CD). This study examined a community sample of 12 children with combined subtype ADHD (aged 8-12, 7 with CD) and 19 healthy controls matched for age, gender, handedness and poverty. Volume measurements, including left/right asymmetries, were quantified from MRI of the total brain, caudate and cerebellar vermis. No significant differences in total brain volume, caudate volume, asymmetry of the hemispheres or asymmetry of the caudate were found between the groups. Measurements of the left and total posterior superior and inferior lobes of the vermis, however, indicated smaller volumes for both pure ADHD and co-morbid children compared to the controls. Analysis of variance demonstrated no significant volumetric differences between the pure ADHD and co-morbid types. Prolonged exposure to methylphenidate was associated with caudate volumes. These results suggest ADHD and ADHD co-morbid with CD have similar deviant cerebellar morphology and replicate previous studies with an epidemiologically derived sample.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it