Low power delta-sigma Modulator for ADSL applications in a low-Voltage CMOS technology
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the design and implementation of a fourth-order low-pass delta-sigma modulator using a systematic top-down design methodology. Special effort has been made to reduce the power consumption of the modulator through careful system-level modeling and synthesis of circuit specifications. Tradeoffs between circuit building block specifications, optimization time and computing resources are derived. This system-level modeling was tested through the successful implementation of a switched-capacitor delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter integrated circuit (IC) with an output rate slightly exceeding 2 MS/s, in a 1.8-V 0.18-/spl mu/m, single-polysilicon six-metal standard CMOS process. When sampled at 50 MHz, experimental results reveal that the IC achieves 77.6-dB dynamic range. The prototype consumes 18.8 mW of power, making it one of the lowest power dissipations in switched-capacitor implementations, and for applications where output rates exceed 2 MS/s. When compared to other state-of-the-art switched-capacitor modulators using a widely adopted figure of merit, the modulator dissipates less power and offers superior overall performance.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it