Low power delta-sigma Modulator for ADSL applications in a low-Voltage CMOS technology
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the design and implementation of a fourth-order low-pass delta-sigma modulator using a systematic top-down design methodology. Special effort has been made to reduce the power consumption of the modulator through careful system-level modeling and synthesis of circuit specifications. Tradeoffs between circuit building block specifications, optimization time and computing resources are derived. This system-level modeling was tested through the successful implementation of a switched-capacitor delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter integrated circuit (IC) with an output rate slightly exceeding 2 MS/s, in a 1.8-V 0.18-/spl mu/m, single-polysilicon six-metal standard CMOS process. When sampled at 50 MHz, experimental results reveal that the IC achieves 77.6-dB dynamic range. The prototype consumes 18.8 mW of power, making it one of the lowest power dissipations in switched-capacitor implementations, and for applications where output rates exceed 2 MS/s. When compared to other state-of-the-art switched-capacitor modulators using a widely adopted figure of merit, the modulator dissipates less power and offers superior overall performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".