First Report of <i>Plum pox virus</i> on Plum in New York State
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plum pox, also known as Sharka, is one of the more significant viral diseases of stone fruit trees such as plum, peach, and apricot. It was first reported in Europe in the early 1900s and more recently in Chile in 1992, the United States (Pennsylvania) in 1999, Canada (Ontario and Nova Scotia) in 2000, China in 2001, and Argentina in 2004. Plum pox virus (PPV) was recently detected in two plum (Prunus domestica) trees in an orchard in Niagara County, NY, located within 5 miles from a Canadian plum pox eradication zone. Typical symptoms of chlorotic rings and spots were observed on some of the leaves from these trees. No symptoms were reported prior to the survey collection in July 2006. Survey samples were screened for the presence of PPV by ELISA using the Agdia PPV (Agdia, Elkhart, IN) specific kit that recognizes all strains but C of PPV. Approximately 5% of the survey samples were additionally analyzed by a validated immunocapture reverse transcription (IC-RT)-PCR TaqMan assay in a Cepheid SmartCycler (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA). Both replicates of the two New York plum trees produced a positive ELISA reaction in two consecutive tests. The ELISA-positive samples also produced positive results when subjected to the real-time IC-RT-PCR test. The PPV-positive trees were sampled again and an additional 53 samples were collected from trees in the surrounding area. Suspect trees again tested positive, while all the trees in the surrounding area tested negative. The methods used for confirmation included two ELISA tests (Durviz [Valencia, Spain] DAS indirect monoclonal ELISA and Agdia DAS polyclonal ELISA). Confirmatory real-time IC-RT-PCR was performed using universal 3' nontranslated region (NTR) primers (2,3) in a SYBR Green assay format and a coat protein (CP) primers/probe TaqMan assay (3,4). Further, the New York PPV isolate was identified as PPV D group using a subgroup specific conventional IC-RT-PCR (1). A 1.4-kb sequence fragment from the 3' end of the New York PPV was sequenced (GenBank Accession No. DG 883816). Comparison of the sequence with the database confirmed this isolate as subgroup D and exhibited a high degree of identity with other PPV D accessions (PPV D Teycheney [Accession No. X16415]; Penn4 [Accession No. DQ465243] Cnd 123-1 [Accession No. AY9553267]; and Cnd 3 [Accession No. AY953262]). To our knowledge, this is the first report of PPV in New York. References: (1) T. Candresse et al. Phytopathology. 88:198, 1998. (2) L. Levy et al. J. Virol. Methods. 49:295, 1994. (3) V. Mavrodieva and L. Levy. Acta Hortic. 657:141, 2004. (4) T. Wetzel et al. J.Virol. Methods 33:355, 1991.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".