Frequency adjustable microstrip annular ring patch antenna with multi-band characteristics
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study introduces a frequency-tunable dual-band microstrip annular ring patch antenna design for wireless local area network (2.45 GHz) and Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (3.5 GHz) applications. The proposed antenna produces realisable gain higher than 5 dBi and return loss better than 10 dB for the stated applications. The antenna design consists of an annular ring patch loaded with a slot or gap. This loaded ring excites higher-order modes around the dominant mode (TM11) of the annular ring thus making this design capable of dual-band operation. This design is realised on a 1.57 mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene substrate using a coaxial probe feed. In this study, a novel technique for independent frequency tuning has also been introduced by cutting grooves on the periphery of the ring at the desired locations. Furthermore, the design capability of multi-band operation (2.45 GHz/3.5 GHz/5.5 GHz) has also been explained in the later part of the study. Antenna operation has been verified with the help of two commercially available EM solvers (CST Microwave Studio and Ansoft HFSS Designer) and measurements. A close agreement has been found between the simulated and the measured results.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it