Flow Regime Transfer Conditions for Two-Phase Flow in a Fracture
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Overall, oil-laden fractured-rock reservoirs contain between 25 and 30 percent of the total known global petroleum reserves. In these reservoirs, fractures are the dominant flow path, therefore economic oil recoveries from fractured reservoirs rely on better understanding of the flow in fractures and networks of fractures. However, in contrast with gas-liquid flow in fractures, the flow of heavy oil and water has received less attention. Particularly, the flow regime map for two-phase immiscible flow in a thin gap and the transition boundaries are not well studied yet. In this research, a Hele-Shaw apparatus was used to study the flow of water in the presence of heavy oil in a smooth walled fracture. Different flow patterns were observed under different flow conditions and the effects of different fluid and fracture properties on flow regime transition boundaries for a thin gap were evaluated. The results of the experiments demonstrate that, flow regime boundaries strongly depend on fluid and fracture properties. The results also reveal that one correlation can be applied to predict different transition conditions under different fracture orientation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".