Protective Effect of Hydroethanolic Extracts of Solanum scabrum and Cola verticillata Against Cyclophosphamide Induced Toxicity in Female Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of hydroethanolic extracts of S. scabrum and C. verticillata against cyclophosphamide induced toxicity. In this light, female albino wistar rats were treated by intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg BW of cyclophosphamide or distilled water every other day for 7 days associated with oral gavage using hydroethanolic extract of C. verticillata/S. scabrum at a dose of 200 or 400 mg/kg BW or not every day for the same 7 days. On the 8th day, blood and organs (liver, heart and kidney) were collected for analyses of toxicity-related and oxidative stress markers. Cyclophosphamide treatment induced significant toxicity as shown by liver enzymes, urea and creatinine levels. The administration of extracts helped reduce the levels of these markers. The antioxidant effect of these extracts also helped or not to ameliorate oxidative stress markers (MDA, NO, hydroperoxides, catalase, thiols, GPx) depending on the extract and on the dose administered. These results suggest that administration of hydroethanolic extracts of S. scabrum and C. verticillata can help prevent or reduce toxicity that is brought about by treatment with cyclophosphamide due to their ability to upregulate antioxidant mechanisms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".