Mitigating polarization effects in on-die diffractive optics for a CMOS image sensor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On-die optics have been proposed for stand-alone image sensors. Previous works by the authors have proposed fabricating diffractive optical elements using the upper metal layers in a commercial CMOS process. This avoids the cost associated with process steps associated with microlens fabrication, but results in a point spread function that varies with the wavelength, angle, and polarization of incident light. Wavelength and angle sensitivities have been addressed by previous works. This paper models the effects of polarization on the point spread function of the imaging system, and proposes optical and algorithmic methods for compensating for these effects. The imaging behaviors of the resulting systems are evaluated. Simulations indicate that the uncorrected system can locate point sources to within +/-0.1 radian, and polarized point sources to within +/-0.05 radian along the axis of polarization. A system is described that uses a polarization-insensitive optical element and a deconvolution filter to achieve a corrected resolution pf +/-0.05 radian, with the ability to perform imaging of non-point sources with white light illumination.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".