Bibliographic record
Abstract
This issue of Acta Radioloica is dedicated to highlighting some recent trends in pediatric imaging. It is, therefore, not surprising that most of the articles in this issue are focused on the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Together, these articles emphasize that MR now also plays a major role in imaging many non-neurological conditions in children, such as diseases of the musculoskeletal system and neoplastic diseases of the entire body. This modality has also become well established as a standard in pediatric cardiac evaluation and its current status in pulmonary evaluation is also reviewed. One of the articles also emphasizes the ideal techniques to use in MR imaging in the pediatric age range. In all large radiology departments dedicated to imaging in pediatrics, it is not only MR that has seen the greatest increase in utilization in recent years, but also ultrasound. This is a highly desirable trend, as neither modality utilizes ionizing radiation which should always be avoided, if possible, particularly in young children. This special issue also highlights the use of ultrasound and compares its role, relative to MR, in cardiac imaging and also in the large field of fetal imaging. Unfortunately, not all imaging procedures required in children can be performed without the utilization of ionizing radiation. The increased demand for image-guided procedures in interventional radiology in children requires the frequent use of fluoroscopy which sometimes may require prolonged exposure times. Furthermore, in children CT remains important for the evaluation of the lungs, bones, some cardiac conditions, and also in conjunction with positron emission tomography (PET) scanning. If not used appropriately in the pediatric setting, CT examinations may deliver unnecessarily high radiation doses and one of the important articles in this special issue addresses the need for CT protocols in pediatrics that are designed to optimize CT imaging with the lowest possible acceptable radiation doses. The subspecialty of pediatric imaging has been established for decades and is represented by large international societies for pediatric radiology in the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Smaller national societies exist in many countries as well. However, in many parts of the world the performance and interpretation of imaging procedures in children is not always done by dedicated pediatric radiologists. The meticulous techniques required in neonates, infants, and young children often differ markedly from those used in adults. Furthermore, the more complex procedures in children often require sedation and anesthesia. It is, therefore, important for special issues such as this one to highlight current trends in the subspecialty of pediatric radiology and to make these available not only to dedicated pediatric radiologists but also to all physicians who are involved in pediatric imaging. This special issue of Acta Radiologica reviews some of the recent trends in pediatric imaging with a group of excellent articles covering several organ systems and modalities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.059 | 0.046 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".