Type I and Type II Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Sexually Abused Children
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Empirical studies on child sexual abuse have shown that victims exhibit a wide range of adjustment difficulties. Among those consequences, researchers have highlighted the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. In order to refine the classical PTSD model to explain the sequelae associated with CSA, Wolfe (1999) and Wolfe and Birt (1995) have proposed a revised type I and type II PTSD model. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the adjustment of a group of sexually abused children according to the revised PTSD model at two times (following the disclosure and six months later). Three groups of 50 children aged between seven and twelve participated in the study: a sexual abuse (SA) group, an orthopedic sample and a group of children from the community. The PTSD type I symptoms were measured by a subscale composed of 20 items of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) (Achenbach, 1991). PTSD type II symptoms were assessed by three CBCL standard sub-scales and by the Self-Report Coping Scale (SRCS) (Causey & Dubow, 1992). A French version of the History of Victimization Scale (Wolfe, Gentile, & Bourdeau, 1987) was used to gather abuse-related characteristics from medical records. Results indicate that CSA victims exhibit more PTSD type I and type II symptoms than children from the orthopedic clinic and children from the general population both at initial evaluation and 6 months later. A change in the course of symptoms for three variables was observed for the three groups. Adjustment difficulties tend to persist between the first and the second assessment for SA victims. These data support the idea that PTSD symptomatology is more prevalent in SA victims in comparison to children confronted with other stressors. The revised model allows a description of symptoms associated with stressful situations (with PTSD type I) and also provides a more global understanding of reactions related to sexual abuse experiences (with PTSD type II effects). KEYWORDS: Child sexual abuseconsequencesposttraumatic stress disorder
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it