Application of standard addition to eliminate conjugated linoleic acid and other interferences in the determination of total <i>Trans</i> fatty acids in selected food products by infrared spectroscopy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract A novel and rapid (5 min) attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopic method AOCS Cd 14d‐99 for the determination of total isolated trans fatty afids, which absorb at 966 cm‐, was recently developed, collaboratively studied, and applied to food products containing 1–50% rans fat (as percentage of total fat). Attempts to apply the ATR‐FTIR method to biological matrices of low trans fat and/or low total fat content, and to dairy and other products were not satisfactory due to interfering IR absorptions in the trans region. One group of interfering compounds with absorption bands near 985 and 948 cm−1 was the cis/trans positional isomes of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) found in dairy and meat products from ruminants at levels of <1% (as percentage of total fat). In the present study, we modified the ATR‐FTIR method to overcome matrix interferences. This modification, which consisted of applying the standard addition technique to the ATR‐FTIR determination, was also applied to several food products, namely, dairy products, infant formula and salad oil dressing, which successfully eliminated interfering absorbances that impacted on accuracy. The presence of <1% CLA in two butter and two cheese products containing 6.8, 7.5, 8.5, and 10.4% trans fatty acids (as a percentage of total fat) would have led to errors of −11.6, 10.4, 17.6 and 34.6%, respectively, in trans fat measurements had the standard addition technique not been used. The applicability of ATR‐FTIR to the quantitation of food products is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".