Motor neuronal death in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is not apoptotic. A comparative study of ALS and chronic aluminium chloride neurotoxicity in New Zealand white rabbits
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Whether diseased motor neurones in sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) die via apoptosis is unknown. Because this relates primarily to difficulties in utilizing post-mortem tissue from end-stage disease, motor neurone degeneration in ALS spinal cord was compared with that of a model of a chronic motor neurone degeneration. Degenerating motor neurones in ALS, identified by ubiquitin immunoreactivity, did not demonstrate the morphological characteristics of apoptosis and were not c-Jun immunoreactive or TUNEL positive. A temporal analysis of spinal motor neurone death in the chronic AlCl3 neurotoxicity model of motor neurone degeneration was also undertaken. AlCl3 was administered intracisternally every 4 weeks and, at intervals of 51, 107, 156 and 267 days, evidence of apoptosis was sought by morphology, TUNEL hybridization or DNA laddering. Double-labelling immunostudies were also performed with antibodies to either c-Jun, ubiquitin or high molecular weight neurofilament (NFH) with TUNEL hybridization. Although significant neurone loss was evident, apoptosis was not found. These studies demonstrate a lack of apoptosis in ALS spinal motor neurones and suggest that this observation does not relate to the utilization of post-mortem tissue in which apoptotic neurones may have been lost.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".