Therapeutic drug monitoring of thiopurine drugs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease or autoimmune hepatitis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Thiopurine drugs are commonly used immunosuppressants in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), rheumatic diseases and in transplantation medicine. The relatively narrow therapeutic range requires useful therapy control. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to further investigate the rationale and usefulness of therapeutic drug monitoring in the surveillance of thiopurine drug therapy in Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and autoimmune hepatitis. METHODS: 6-Thioguanine nucleotide (TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine nucleotide (MMPN) levels were measured in 182 IBD patients and 18 AIH patients using HPLC-UV. RESULTS: In our cohort of IBD patients, 18% had TGN levels < 235 pmol/8 x 10 red blood cells (RBC) (recommended range, 235-450 pmol/8 x 10 RBC), 41% of these patients were sent for drug failure. Twenty-four per cent of the IBD patients had TGN levels > 450 pmol/8 x 10 RBC, but only 27% of these experienced adverse effects. Fifty-nine per cent of the patients having drug failure had TGN levels in the recommended range and could therefore be classified as non-responders. In the AIH cohort 33% of the patients had TGN levels below the recommended range but showed clinical response to therapy. MMPN levels increased with the duration of treatment and could be useful for controlling compliance. There was 8.8% of IBD patients who were heterozygous for non-functional TPMT alleles. CONCLUSIONS: TGN monitoring did not identify significant differences between patient groups but allowed the identification of non-responders from non-compliant patients and allowed the differentiation of mild side effects, such as malaise, from genuine toxicity caused by highly increased TGN levels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".