Stopping Heathrow Airport Expansion (For Now): Lessons from a Victory for the Politics of Sufficiency
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
AbstractA politics of sufficiency challenges the relentless expansion of production and consumption. It faces daunting obstacles in contemporary societies where macro-economic growth has come to be seen as imperative. However, when defined more narrowly, as a challenge to the growth of particular forms of economic activity, ideas of sufficiency have made some limited inroads. One significant example is the Conservative-led government's cancellation of the planned third runway at Heathrow airport in Britain. This represented a major victory for environmentalists and others who argued that aviation growth conflicted with Britain's carbon-reduction targets. The case sheds light on the conditions in which sufficiency-based policies can prevail today, notably through linkages with core political imperatives faced by states and political actors. In this case, a sufficiency approach became linked to the legitimacy needs of the Conservative Party at a key moment, while campaigners succeeded in casting doubt on claims that Heathrow expansion was economically imperative.Key Words: Sufficiencyclimate changeaviation Notes1 Interview, May 2007.2 Interview, May 2007.3 Steve Lott, quoted in Rosenthal (Citation2010).4 In addition, some empirical work has examined forms of sufficiency-based politics without explicitly referring to sufficiency, such as analysis of the discursive strategies of British campaigns against airport expansion (Griggs & Howarth, Citation2004, Citation2008, Citation2012).5 NIMBY stands for not-in-my-backyard.6 Originally, the Heathrow Association for the Control of Aircraft Noise.7 The airport operator, formerly known as the British Airports Authority.8 The report actually included some surprisingly radical criticism of economic growth and consumerism, a message that Cameron distanced himself from.9 Interview with Peter Lockley, Aviation Environment Federation, March, 2007.10 Villiers cited a study conducted for WWF that found that 89% of Financial Times Stock Exchange 350 companies expected to cut their number of flights in the next 10 years (Hansard, Citation2009).11 EM promises to reconcile the economic imperative with the still-emerging ecological imperative. However, as the case of aviation shows, the EM approach can be limited since adequate technological solutions are not available for all problems, a point that some EM theorists have acknowledged (Jänicke, Citation2008).
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it