Temperature regime of a small sandstone tor, latitude 80 °N, Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Near‐surface rock temperatures were recorded hourly for more than one year around a sandstone tor located on a ridge‐crest at an elevation of 270 m asl. There were significant differences between air and rock temperatures except during the polar night. The SSE‐ and WSW‐facing sides experienced large amplitude diurnal temperature cycles in the late‐winter and spring, and these crossed through 0 °C from mid‐April to May, well before air temperatures rose above freezing. Rock temperatures at a depth of 15 mm on the SSE‐face exceeded air temperature by up to 31 °C. During most of the summer, rock faces and air temperatures remained above 0 °C. Diurnal temperature cycles were smaller in amplitude in the autumn and few cycles through 0 °C were measured because of persistent cloud cover and the absence of a radiation‐reflecting snowpack. Modelling using a constant environmental lapse rate shows that although the timing and number of temperature cycles through 0 °C are influenced by altitude, the importance of rock‐face orientation on the relative numbers of cycles is independent of tor elevation. The average rate of micro‐weathering measured on several tors over four years was 0.012 mm a−1. No loss of larger clasts was observed at the monitored tor over 11 years suggesting that the combined rate of all types of weathering is low. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".