A Retrospective Review Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Nitrofurantoin in Renal Impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Nitrofurantoin (NF) is an antibiotic commonly used to treat uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs). Although NF is contraindicated in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 mL/min, the evidence demonstrating its lack of efficacy and an increased rate of adverse reactions in these patients is marginal. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of NF in patients with a UTI and an estimated GFR ≤50 mL/min (impaired renal function group) compared to >50 mL/min (control group). Results: A total of 356 patients met our inclusion criteria. The Modified Cockcroft-Gault equation was used to estimate GFR. The point estimate for cure rate in the impaired renal function group was 71% (95% CI 63–79), versus 78% (95% CI 73–84) for the control group. Conclusions: Similar NF cure rates were observed in patients with impaired renal function (estimated GFR ≤50 mL/min) and patients in the control group (estimated GFR >50 mL/min). The occurrence of adverse events was comparable between the 2 groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".