Phylogeny of the selected members of family Cornaceae as inferred from PCR-RFLP analysis of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism) analysis of cpDNA and PCR-RFLP of rDNA were performed to assess the phylogenetic relationship in seven species of the family Cornaceae. Four pairs of primers, trnD/trnT, trnH/trnK, psaA/trnS and rbcL/ORF106, and one restriction enzyme (HinfI) were used for RFLP-PCR of cpDNA, and two primer pairs ITS5/ITS2 and ITS3/ITS4 with one restriction enzyme (HhaI) were used for ITS1 and ITS2 regions of rDNA, successively. Restriction products produced by trnH/trnK-HinfI and psaA/trnS-HinfI for cpDNA and ITS5/ITS2-HhaI and ITS3/ITS4-HhaI for rDNA, generated very informative bands from all of the seven species studied. A total of 147 scores were recorded and used in PHYLIP (phylogeny inference package) to generate a combined phylogenetic tree. The family was divided into two clades: the Aucuba clade and the cornaceous clade. The cornaceous clade further divided into two subclades: the previously suggested blue- or white-fruited dogwoods (C. walteri and C. macrophylla) and the Cornelian cherries (C. officinalis), and the big-bracted dogwoods (C. kousa and C. florida). The opposite-leaved blue- or white-fruited dogwoods were found to be close sisters to the alternate-leaved blue- or white-fruited dogwoods and all sisters to the Cornelian cherries. C. kousa and C. florida were found to be close sisters under big-bracted dogwoods. Based on the topology portrayed by the phylogenetic tree obtained, it is possible to conclude that big-bracted dogwoods are the most primitive member followed by the intermediates – the cornelian cherries, and the blue- or white-fruited dogwoods are the most advanced members, while the Aucuba clade is the most primitive in the family.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".