Spallation induced by ultrashort laser pulses at critical tension
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spallation, as induced by $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ laser pulses at the maximum possible tension (critical tension) in a $25\text{\penalty1000-\hskip0pt}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ aluminum slab, was investigated by means of a one-dimensional fluid code. In the framework of our defect-free fluid model, spallation takes place through spinodal decomposition, a mechanism that differs from the usual mechanism of growth and coalescence of natural defects. Due to the slowing down of the hydrodynamic processes near critical tension, the spinodal decomposition time scale is about $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$. Strain rates of about ${10}^{8}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and spall thicknesses of a few microns are obtained, in agreement with recent experiments using short laser pulses. The critical tension in the simulation $(12.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa})$ was somewhat larger than the tension inferred from experiments $(8.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa})$. Because of rapidly decreasing hydrodynamic coupling at higher laser fluences, the required laser spallation threshold fluence as predicted by the code $(410\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2})$ is far higher than in experiments $(25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2})$. This large discrepancy in the spallation threshold fluence values might be due either to differences in the mechanisms through which spallation takes place, or to the specific choice of model for the equation of state.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".