Changes in Performance over Time on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II When Administered to Infants at High Risk of Developmental Disabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Brief Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze changes in performance over time on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID-II) in a sample of infants at high risk of developmental disabilities. Methods: Cognitive and motor performance of 53 infants, 34 with prenatal drug exposure (DE group) and 19 with perinatal medical concerns (PMC group), was measured at under one year of age (mean = 6.99 months) and again at 17–22 months of age (mean = 18.24 months). Changes in performance on both the Mental and Motor Scales over time were analyzed. Results: Over time, cognitive performance decreased for both groups (p < 0.05). Rate of change in motor performance increased for the PMC group and decreased for the DE group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Developmental changes over time should be studied separately for infants prenatally exposed to drugs and infants with perinatal medical concerns. Longer term follow-up with several repeat assessments would be desirable. The authors demonstrate that developmental change in infants at high risk for developmental disabilities differs among those exposed to drugs prenatally when compared to those with perinatal medical conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".