Tissue Distribution and Oral Dose Effects of Microcystin in the Freshwater Pulmonate Snail<i>Lymnaea stagnalis jugularis</i>(Say)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microcystin (MC) concentrations were measured in the alimentary tract, digestive gland, and remaining visceral mass of adult pulmonate snails (Lymnaea stagnalis) exposed to cyanobacteria known to contain MC. The highest proportion of total body MC content was measured within the alimentary tract (83%), though an appreciable proportion (17%) was also found within the digestive gland tissue. This provides conclusive evidence for the limited digestion of toxic cyanobacteria and subsequent uptake and accumulation of MC by the digestive gland of L. stagnalis. Additionally, pure microcystin-LR was orally administered to adult L. stagnalis to investigate the potential for toxic effects. Exposure to microcystin-LR induced histopathological alterations of the digestive glands consistent with those reported elsewhere for mammals and fish, indicating a common mode of toxicity to both vertebrates and invertebrates.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".