Colonization and infection by MRSA in critically ill patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To determine the incidence of colonization and infection by MRSA in critically ill patients. A prospective study during 30 months of the patients admitted to the ICU for 24 hours or more. Throat swab, tracheal aspirate and urine were taken on admission and twice weekly. The colonization and infection by MRSA were registered. The infections were diagnosed according to CDC criteria. The infections were classified based on throat flora as: primary endogenous (PE) when they were caused by germs that were already colonizing the throat on the ICU admission; secondary endogenous (SE) when they were caused by germs that were not colonizing the throat on the ICU admission but were acquired during the stay in ICU; or exogenous (EX) when they were caused by germs that were not colonizing the throat. The infections were classified based on the onset moment: early onset (EO) were those developed during the first 4 days of the ICU stay; and late onset (LO) were those developed 5 days after ICU admission. Were admitted 1,582 patients, 953 males (60.24%). The mean age was 57.91 ± 18.83 years. The mean APACHE II score was 13.95 ± 8.93. Admission diagnoses were: 737 (46.59%) heart surgery, 189 cardiological (11.95%), 196 neurologic (12.29%), 185 trauma (11.69%), 120 respiratory (7.59%), 104 digestive (6.57%) and 51 intoxication (3.22%). Mortality was 14.79% (234 patients). A total of 36 patients had colonization by MRSA, two patients at ICU admission and 34 patients during the ICU stay. We documented 24 infections caused by MRSA (four EO and 20 LO; zero PE, 21 SE and three EX): 18 pneumonias (three EO and 15 LO; zero PE, 15 SE and three EX), three primary bacteremias (one EO and two LO; three SE), two surgical wound infections (two LO and SE) and one pressure sore infection (one LO and SE). Death occurred in 7/24 patients (29.17%) with infection caused by MRSA: 6/18 (33.33%) pneumonias, 1/3 (33.33%) primary bacteremias and 0/3 other infections. In our series, most of the infections caused by MRSA were pneumonias, had a late onset and were secondary endogenous.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".