Flood of the Red River Basin in 2009 and Effectiveness of Rapid Mitigation Efforts
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
2009, the city government ordered a mandatory evacuation of the residents living in certain areas of the city, and public schools, including three universities in the region, were closed for up to two weeks. The Red River originates at the Bois de Sioux and Otter Tail rivers in the northern United States and flows through Fargo and Grand Forks, North Dakota, toward Winnipeg, Canada. The river is 885 km long, including 635 km in the United States and 255 km in Canada Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 2009. Given that the U.S. Midwest is geographically flat, the Red River Basin may be the critical floodplain. Thus, moderate floods of the Red River Basin have regularly occurred during the past 110 years. The peak was the 1897 flood that recorded a crest of 12.2 m Flood Information Center FIC 2009. Fargo is the largest city in North Dakota with a population of approximately 100,000 U.S. Census Bureau 2010. The Red River flows along the east side of the city, as shown in Fig. 1. This forum discusses the 2009 flood of the Red River Basin in the city of Fargo and the effectiveness of the rapid efforts to minimize the flood damage. Of particular interest are the forensic investigations into the extreme event, which attributed the flood to four major sources: the sudden change of temperature, snow melting, topography, and soil properties. Postflood activities are briefly discussed.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it