Photo-oxidation of SO<sub>2</sub> and of SO<sub>2</sub> trapped in amorphous water ice studied by IR spectroscopy. Implications for Jupiter's satellite Europa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), is used to characterize thin films of sulfur dioxide trapped in excess of amorphous water ice and to study the photo-oxidation of pure solid SO 2 or of SO 2 diluted in water ice. These laboratory experiments were undertaken in an attempt to find information on the formation of hydrated sulfuric acid detected on Europa's surface. Vibrational spectra at 30 K of mixed films containing SO 2 with an excess of water depend on the deposition conditions. A metastable (SO 2 ) m (H 2 O) n phase and a solid solution of SO 2 in water ice have been evidenced. Irradiation at 266 nm of mixed films SO 2 /O 3 /H 2 O produces sulfur trioxide and hydrogen peroxide without traces of sulfuric acid. Irradiation of films of pure SO 2 , under 200 nm, leads to sulfur trioxide and to ozone. When SO 2 is diluted in amorphous water ice, new weak bands that appear after irradiation suggest the formation of sulfuric acid. PACS No.: 82.50Hp
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".