Electrodeposition of cobalt–tungsten alloys from alkaline citrate containing bath as alternative for chromium hexavalent replacement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cobalt–tungsten alloys have been considered as potential materials for various applications. This work investigates the wear and corrosion resistance behaviour of cobalt–tungsten–phosphorus alloys electroplated from alkaline citrate containing baths. The wear rates of the cobalt–tungsten alloy electrodeposits were lower than those of the unalloyed cobalt electrodeposits. The wear rate was also lower than those of chromium plated from hexavalent chromium plating bath. It was also demonstrated that the addition of small quantities of phosphorus into Co–W alloys improved the corrosion resistance of the alloy. In fact, the addition of phosphorus further improved the corrosion of the alloy exposed to immersion test in comparison to cobalt–tungsten. The cobalt–tungsten alloys without having any phosphorus component were subjected to further oxidation of tungsten component followed by dissolution in deionised water during the immersion tests.On a considéré des alliages de cobalt et tungstène comme matériaux potentiels pour diverses applications. Ce travail examine le comportement d’usure et de résistance à la corrosion d’alliages de cobalt, tungstène et phosphore déposés par électrolyse, à partir de bains alcalins contenant du citrate. Les taux d’usures des dépôts de l’alliage de cobalt et tungstène étaient plus faibles que ceux des dépôts non alliés de cobalt. Le taux d’usure était également plus faible que ceux de chrome déposés à partir d’un bain de dépôt électrolytique de chrome hexavalent. On a également démontré que l’addition de petites quantités de phosphore dans les alliages de Co–W améliorait la résistance à la corrosion de l’alliage. En fait, l’addition de phosphore améliorait davantage la corrosion de l’alliage exposé à un essai d’immersion par rapport à l’alliage au cobalt et tungstène. Les alliages de cobalt et tungstène, sans la composante de phosphore, étaient sujets à davantage d’oxydation de la composante de tungstène suivie par la dissolution dans de l’eau déionisée lors des essais d’immersion.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".