Electron Capture Dissociation of Electrosprayed Protein Ions for Spatially Resolved Hydrogen Exchange Measurements
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) methods involving gas-phase fragmentation hold considerable promise for analyzing regioselective deuteration patterns of proteins following solution-phase amide hydrogen exchange (HX). However, the general viability of such an approach is questionable due to the possible occurrence of intramolecular hydrogen migration ("scrambling"), which tends to randomize or distort the spatial isotope distribution. Rand et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 1341-1349) have recently reported the application of electron capture dissociation (ECD) for measuring deuteration patterns of short peptides with very little scrambling by FT-MS. The current work shows that even much larger systems such as the 76-residue protein ubiquitin can be successfully analyzed by ECD following solution-phase HX. The resulting c and z. ion deuteration levels are in remarkable agreement with previous NMR data, demonstrating that the extent of scrambling and/or other gas-phase artifacts is negligible. These results open the door to future experiments on the folding, structure, and dynamics of proteins by HX/ECD-FT-MS.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it