405 LEVELS OF HORMONES AND NITRIC OXIDE PRESENT IN FOLLICULAR FLUID UNDER OR NOT UNDER SUPEROVULATION IN MARES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of 17ß-estradiol, testosterone, progesterone, inibin, and nitric oxide in follicular fluid between superovulated mares (G1) using equine pituitary extract (EPE) and nonsuperovulated mares (G2) used as control. Two estrus cycles from 24 mares (G1 = 12; G2 = 12) were monitored. In G1, the first cycle was used to determine the ovulation day (Day 0), followed by the administration of PGF2 (250 µg daily of cloprostenol; Sincrocio™, Ouro Fino, São Paulo, Brazil) on the first and second day of treatment with EPE. During the second cycle, EPE (25 mg i.m.) was administered twice daily from Day 7 to the ultrasound detection of a majority of follicles at least 35 mm in diameter. At this time, 2500 IU of hCG IV (Vetecor™, Hertape Calier, Minas Gerais, Brazil) was given. The same protocol was used for G2 as was used for G1 except that EPE administration was replaced by saline injections. For follicular aspiration, the mares were sedated with xilazine (0.5 mg kg-1; Sedazine™, Fort Dodge, São Paulo, Brazil) and acepromazine (0.05 mg kg-1; Acepram 1%™, Univet, Milton, Ontario Canada); hioscin bromide (Buscofin™, Agener União, São Paulo, Brazil) was also administered to reduce intestinal motility and to make ovary manipulation by way of the rectum easier. All follicles larger than 35 mm were aspirated using a Cook® double lumen needle (12 GA) in a transvaginal aspiration probe guided by ultrasonography. The number of aspirated preovulatory follicles was 4.75 ± 2.7 and 1.0 ± 0.0 for G1 and G2, respectively. The follicular fluid collected was centrifuged at 600 × g for 10 min in order to separate the fluid from the cells. The fluid was stored at -20°C and sent to the University of California (Davis, USA) for hormonal assay. The nitric oxide dosage was determined at São Paulo State University (Botucatu, Brazil) using the luminescent reaction of Griess. The comparison between groups of hormonal levels and nitric oxide was performed using the t-test at 5% significance. The results of the present study showed that the EPE treatment (G1), under the experimental conditions, did not lead to a significant change in the mean concentrations of the evaluated hormones or of nitric oxide in the follicular fluid when compared with the levels in G2. However, differences were found among the individuals only in G1 in all hormones (P < 0.05), with exception of progesterone (P > 0.05). Table 1. Mean and standard error of the follicular fluid hormones and nitric oxide levels of groups G1 and G2 Supported by FAPESP, Brazil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".