Comparative Sensitivity of Feeding and Nonfeeding Stages of Heligmosomoides bakeri (Nematoda) to Boron
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Boron compounds are increasingly recognized as important industrial pollutants. We examined whether elevated concentrations of boron would exert toxic effects on different life cycle stages of the rodent gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri and established toxicity in feeding and nonfeeding stages. All stages except eggs responded in a dose-dependent manner to boron. Reduced motility of first-stage larvae immediately after hatching and of the larvae exposed to boron only at the third larval stage were observed. Moreover, exposure of third-stage larvae to high concentrations of boron reduced their infectivity to mice. Survival of first- and second-stage larvae and of fourth-stage larvae and adults cultured in vitro in boron was impaired. Interestingly, adult males were more sensitive to boron than adult females. Finally, per capita fecundity of females cultured in vitro decreased with increasing boron concentration. Together, these results show that high boron concentrations are harmful to free-living stages and to parasitic stages in vitro and support our hypothesis that nonfeeding stages (eggs and third-stage larvae) are more resistant to boron than feeding stages (first-, second-, and fourth-stage larvae and adult worms).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".