Baseline Fitness Measures In A Cohort Of Obese Children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is an increasing population of overweight and obese children. While many studies have investigated interventional strategies to reduce weight, few studies have reported the actual fitness status of obese children. PURPOSE: To establish baseline fitness measures in a mixed-race cohort of obese children. METHODS: We studied 33 patients (18 male) between the ages of 10-17 years. Patients were referred to the Children's Heart Centre from the Centre for Healthy Weights Program at B.C. Children's Hospital. All patients were above the 95th percentile for body mass index (BMI), adjusted for age. Initial assessment included a physical examination by a pediatric cardiologist, an electrocardiogram (ECG), an echocardiogram (ECHO), and a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX). The CPX was completed on a treadmill according to our institutional protocol. Treadmill speed started at 2.0 mph and increased by 0.5 mph every minute until volitional fatigue. Measurements included: height, weight, calculated body surface area (BSA) and BMI, minute ventilation (VE), peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and heart rate (HR). Our criteria for a maximal test were a HR ≥180 bpm and a RER ≥1.10. RESULTS: Mean height and weight were 164.9 ± 10.5 cm and 94.4 ± 16.8 kg, respectively. ECG and ECHO findings were normal in all but 1 patient who had an enlarged left ventricle. Only 14/33 (42%) patients satisfied the criteria for a maximal test. Peak VE was 83.0 ± 26.6 L/min. Mean absolute VO2peak was 2.70 ± 0.60 L/ min. Mean relative VO2peak was 29.0 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min (64% predicted). There was no significant difference between relative VO2peak for boys and girls. There was a significant correlation between HR and absolute VO2peak (r=0.46; p<0.01). CONCLUSION: We have shown that in this cohort of mixed-race obese children, less than half were able to satisfy our criteria for completing a maximal effort exercise test. In those patients it is difficult to determine whether or not there is a significant reduction in their aerobic capacity, interpret other aspects of their test results, and provide objective information for exercise prescription. Exercise testing is safe and should be considered before providing exercise prescription to these children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".