Neurosurgery at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Nepal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
February 6, 2005, marks the 10th anniversary of the first neurosurgical procedure performed at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, one of only a few tertiary-care hospitals in Nepal. Neurosurgery began at the hospital with the arrival of an American neurosurgeon to train Nepalese surgeons locally and, later, the return of these Nepalese surgeons to Kathmandu after subsequent fellowship training in the United States. This article traces the origins of neurosurgery in Nepal, outlines the specialty's development in Kathmandu at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital during the past decade from international education strategies, and describes the status of and challenges facing the provision of neurosurgical care in Nepal. The role of neurosurgical services in improving the health care status of populations in developing countries is considered. Neurosurgeons in developing and developed countries alike should continue to work to remedy the inequitable distribution of neurosurgical knowledge and services throughout the world.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.069 | 0.013 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".