Alteration of renal cyclooxygenase expression due to partial unilateral ureteral obstruction in neonatal
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Impaired renal water handling in response to neonatally-induced partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) may be associated with altered expression of cyclooxygenase (COX). The purpose of the present study was to examine whether long-term PUUO induced at birth was associated with changes of COX-2. METHODS: Rats were subjected to PUUO (n = 14) or a sham operation (n = 12) within the first 48 hours of life. The rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) PUUO at 9 weeks (n = 7); (2) the sham operation at 9 weeks (n = 6); (3) PUUO at 15 weeks (n = 7); and (4) the sham operation at 15 weeks (n = 6). Urine and blood samples were collected before sacrificing the animals. Plasma potassium, creatinine and urea, as well as the osmolality and sodium of plasma and urine were tested in each sample. The expression of renal COX-1 and COX-2 was examined at 9 and 15 weeks in rats with neonatally-induced PUUO within the first 48 hours of life by immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: PUUO caused a marked decrease in urine osmolality and a significant increase in urinary sodium of the obstructed kidney compared with the sham-operated kidney at 9 and 15 weeks. Immunoblotting analysis showed that an abundance of COX-2 in the obstructed kidney significantly increased compared with the non-obstructed kidney and sham-operated kidney at 9 weeks (p < 0.05) and 15 weeks (p < 0.05) in rats with PUUO. In contrast, COX-1 abundance in the obstructed kidney was similar to that in the non-obstructed kidney. Immunocytochemistry confirmed these findings. CONCLUSION: Renal COX-2 expression in the obstructed kidney is significantly altered in response to neonatally-induced PUUO. A marked increase in COX-2 indicates that it may be an important factor in reducing renal handling of sodium and water in response to PUUO.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".