A Combined Method for GPS Ambiguity Resolution with Single-Frequency Receivers: Application for Ship Berthing
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: In this research, GPS phase ambiguity resolution for single-frequency receivers was investigated for the berthing of a large merchant ship. The use of cheaper single-frequency receivers would be of great interest to the shipping industries. Two different algorithms for ambiguity resolution were investigated and compared. Combined algorithms that take advantage of both approaches were developed and validated through field tests on land and at sea. The quality of the positioning solution was also verified through field tests using a total station that has an automatic tracking function. The difference (root-mean-square [RMS] values) between GPS and the automated total station was ±6 cm for horizontal position and ±2 cm for height determination in a moving environment for short baselines of up to 1 km. GPS with an on-the-fly approach has the potential to be used for a ship berthing system.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it