The Impact of Old Age on Skeletal Muscle Energetics: Supply and Demand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Properly functioning skeletal muscle is critical for locomotion and performance of many activities of daily living. Muscle wasting and decreased function of skeletal muscle are important factors in many age-related morbidities. There are several pathways for generating ATP in skeletal muscle that allow adequate ATP supply to meet increased demand during muscle activity. A growing body of literature provides evidence that the aging process may be accompanied by changes in metabolic supply and demand during muscle contractions. Herein, we review a body of evidence that several pathways of ATP synthesis (anaerobic glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation) may be impaired in aging skeletal muscle as well as several underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. However, detrimental effects of aging on muscle energy metabolism are not universally accepted, particularly when physical inactivity is accounted for. We discuss this important concept as well as several potential countermeasures that may compress the period of morbidity in old age. In the second half of this review, we discuss how energetic demand of skeletal muscle is affected by aging, with specific focus on basal and contractile ATPase activity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".